Hazards of Corporate Mining in the Philippines
Published by MAC on 2004-11-25
Hazards of Corporate Mining
By Lyn V. Ramo, Northern Dispatch - Posted by Bulatlat
25th November 2004
Safety is almost impossible in an industry like mining which has been considered by the International Labor Organization (ILO) as the most unsafe human activity.
Baguio - Safety is almost impossible in an industry like mining which has been considered by the International Labor Organization (ILO) as the most unsafe human activity.
The Philippines' Mines and Geo-sciences Bureau (MGB) director however claims the Philippine mining industry has already perfected safety in the mine site. MGB Director Horacio Ramos made this statement during a weekly media forum last week.
The MGB initiated several activities last week in celebration of the mining safety and environment week, including a mining caravan, golf, bowling and tennis tournaments, an industry parade and field competitions involving mine workers. A mine safety demonstration by Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation (LCMCo) displayed mine workers' safety consciousness.
Unreported mine accidents
In a separate press conference, James Tulipa of the Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU or May First Movement)-Cordillera, said that mining companies in the region employ deceiving tactics to evade records of accidents in the mine sites.
Tulipa said workers who figure in accidents in the workplace are either made to sign their daily time record or are assigned as janitors at the manager's change-room or lunchroom to make it appear that no accident ever occurred.
According to him, the management makes the different departments in the mine compete for zero-accident records, giving cash bonuses for workers and department heads and a possible promotion for the mining boss.
Tulipa used to work for the Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc. (ISMI), LCMCo, and was a contract miner of Benguet Corporation's (BC) Balatoc Partnership Mines. He led the ISMI mine-workers' union in the late 1990s and worked among the mine workers of Philex Mining Corporation (Philex) as a trade union organizer. ISMI, LCMCo, BC, Balatoc Partnership Mines and Philex all have mining operations in the Cordillera region.
Tulipa said that both Philex and LCMCo, the only remaining profitable mines in Benguet, use similar tactics of not reporting work-related accidents, usually involving rock and timber falls.
Tulipa blamed the shift from conventional to mechanized mining methods which he said cause more accidents in the mines. He cited a case of a heavy equipment operator in Philex who suffocated because the ore gave in on the huge load-haul-and-dump machine he was operating. Another worker was crushed to the wall by a huge equipment.
Onerous partnership
Nida Legazpi, chairperson of the Itogon Inter-barangay Alliance (IIB-A), refuted BC's earlier claims that its contract mining is safe. Itogon is a municipality of Benguet province, 200 kms north of Manila.
She also revealed that those used by small-scale miners in Balatoc are actually abandoned, rotting tunnels. Rotten timber, according to Legazpi, emits a foul-smelling gas that causes deaths among small-scale miners.
"Miners often have to run outside the tunnel for oxygen," Legazpi explains. She said that the gas is so potent that it can put out a lighted candle or miner's carbide lamps.
Legazpi also lamented that more deaths occur today because miners no longer use traditional non-electronic lighting device.
Legazpi also reported fatal accidents involving contract miners that were not reported by the BC. Worse, Legazpi said, these private miners are not covered by any medical and security system and that the company does not extend any benefit to them.
"Wala sa usapan ang safety, dahil ang pinag-uusapan lang sa kontrata ay ang 60-40 sharing scheme" (Safety was not included in the agreement because the mining contract only dealt with the sharing arrangements), Legazpi said, adding that the arrangement is onerous at the expense of the miners who have to bear all production costs and risk losing their lives in the mine site.
Century-old plunder
Itogon has been the site of corporate mining operations which BC started at the turn of the 20th century. According to IIB-A, a century of plunder of Itogon's mineral and forest resources, including that of water which is used in gold, copper and silver extraction, has left its environment devastated. IIB-A demands that mining companies rehabilitate the mined-out areas.
Today only Philex is gainfully mining Itogon's silver, copper and gold. Like BC, Philex also has the reputation of devastating a large portion of agricultural lands due to its open-pit mining operations that scraped the whole Camaring mountain in Sitio Alang in Brgy. Camp 3, Itogon. Its mine effluents and silt find their way into the Agno River rendering the San Roque Multi-purpose Dam in San Manuel heavily silted in just two years.
Beyond Mankayan
Meanwhile, peasants in Mankayan, another Benguet town, said that LCMCo has been causing irreversible environmental damage not only in Mankayan but also in other towns along the Abra River. Sinking, they say, plagues the towns. The sinking in Colalo, a sub-village of Mankayan, has in fact not stopped.
"Ti sinking ti Colalo ket saan pay a simmardeng," (The sinking of Colalo continues), declares Albert Diego, Dangayan dagiti Umili a Maseknan iti Mankayan (Damayan or concerned villagers' association of Mankayan) spokesperson, saying that even residents in the Poblacion are wary of an inevitable disaster due to Lepanto's operations. Diego recounts that 68 years of corporate mining operations has devastated Mankayan. It has taken its toll on the land, water and farms affecting not only Mankayan but also the downstream provinces of Abra and Ilocos Sur.
Sinking in recent years has rendered houses badly damaged and the water table lowered that vegetable farmers could not plant until the rainy season.
No assistance came from Lepanto except for stopgap measures which Diego described as "pang-kursunada laeng" (palliatives).
Diego also said that the Tohking exhaust pipes which LCMCo reopened recently in upper Mankayan emitted fumes from the underground tunnels.
This pollution is not controlled even with the scrubber machine that LCMCo installed to clean the fumes.
"Haan a mabalin, haanmi a kayat. Isardengda koma" (It won't work, we are against it. They should stop it), Diego said of Lepanto's expansion project fearing that the four town affected by the operations will be totally damaged if corporate mining operations is not halted.
Animals are reportedly dying or getting sick either from drinking the water from the tailings dam or from the exhaust tunnel's fumes.
"Inggana itatta ket laklak-amen mi dayta a problema" (We still suffer from this problem until now), Diego pointed out.
An alliance of communities living along the Abra River from Benguet down to Ilocos Sur called MAQUITACDG (which stands for Mankayan, Quirini, Tadian, Cervantes Danggayan a Gunglo) supported Diego, saying that expanding Lepanto's operations will destroy the environment of several other towns aside from the four adjacent towns of Mankayan in Benguet, Quirino and Cervantes in Ilocos Sur and Tadian in Mountain Province.
Occupational hazards in mining - Beyond the Glitter
By Lyn V. Ramo, Northern Dispatch - Posted by Bulatlat
1st December 2004
Conclusion - Mining employs only 1% of the country’s total labor force yet poses great hazards not just to workers but the communities as well.
A Department of Health (DoH)-awarded study by Dr. Ana Marie Leung, convenor of Save the Abra River Movement (STARM), reveals that 75% of LCMCo mine workers sustain mine-related injuries ranging from simple cuts to fractured bones. The study also disclosed that underground mine workers are exposed to extreme heat, loud noise, vibration of equipment dust and fumes, among others.
“These occur because corporate mining uses cyanide and other toxic chemicals and employs heavy machinery that emit fumes underground” Leung said. She refuted LCMCo’s Project Development Manager Jake Foronda’s claim that LCMCo does not pollute the Abra River.
Leung welcomes the announcement made by Engr. Felizardo Gacad, Jr. chief of the Mines Environment and Safety Division of the Mines and Geosciences Bureau of the Cordillera Administrative Region (MGB-CAR) that it will look into STARM’s findings on LCMCo, saying that “it is but fitting for the government to check hazardous mining effluents.”
A 1997 report by the Institute for Occupational Health and Safety and Development (IOHSAD) said that the leading types of accident in the mines, according to frequency, are: being hit by falling objects, suffocation from chemical fumes, and crushing injuries.
Dr. Ponciano Aberin, head of the DOH-Cordillera’s People with Disability Affairs, found out in 2003 that many miners suffer from hearing defects due to blasting operations in underground tunnels.
Inherently unsafe
Joan Carling, chairperson of the militant Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA), said that the evaluation on mining safety should come from the people and not from mining companies whose only interest is to extract profits. She added that compared to the profits raked in by mining firms, the actual benefits extended to host communities are way too small.
“Mining will always be a part of the economy,” Carling said,” but the problem right now is the kind of technology used and the entities benefiting from these.”
Carling pointed out that mining operations have been in the country for centuries, “but until now, we cannot even produce our own sewing needles,” she said.
She also noted how corporate mining does not support national industrialization, being heavily dependent on foreign investments.
An alternative mining policy is being prepared by progressive party list Bayan Muna representatives in Congress in the wake of a nationwide opposition to the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942) and the National Policy Agenda to Revitalize Mining in the Philippines (EO 270) as detailed in the Mineral Action Plan (MAP).
According to Carling, the proposal for a new mineral policy is based on a national industry that ensures the protection of our environment and the direct benefit of communities. “It should be geared away from dependence to foreign investment and foreign debt”, she said.
CPA called on mining companies to “look beyond the glitters of gold and money, and promote the welfare, interests and rights of communities and the protection of the environment”.
MAP: not an answer to the fiscal crisis
Last September, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, signed the MAP, signaling what Kalikasan – People’s Network for the Environment (K-PNE) called a “frenzied rush to mine all Philippine mineral resources.”
Under MAP, government agencies are mandated to resolve issues between communities and mining corporations in order to attract foreign capital into the mining industry.
K-PNE national coordinator Clemente Bautista scored government claims that MAP’s implementation would lead to a more prosperous minerals industry that could help ease the government’s budgetary and fiscal woes.
In fact, Bautista says, “the liberalization of the mining industry, which MAP is all about, will worsen the fiscal crisis.”
The MAP allows 100 percent repatriation of capital and profits, a 10-year tax holiday, capital tax exemptions, duty-free importation of equipment and machinery and other rights and privileges that tend to trample upon rights of host communities and the wanton disregard of the environment. It also shortened the processing time for mining applications by downgrading the participation of local government units in approving mining projects in their respective areas and harmonizing conflicting laws such as the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) with the Mining Act.
Bautista said that these erroneous economic policies are one of the major reasons in the government’s low revenue collection and a ballooning budget deficit.
© 2004 Bulatlat - Alipato Publications