Russian Arctic oil spill pollutes big lake near Norilsk

BBC

9 June 2020

Diesel oil from a huge spill in Russia's Arctic north has polluted a
large freshwater lake and there is a risk it could spread into the
Arctic Ocean, a senior Russian official says.

Emergency teams are trying to contain the oil, which has now travelled
about 20km (12 miles) north of Norilsk from a collapsed fuel tank.

It is the worst accident of its kind in modern times in Russia's Arctic
region, environmentalists and officials say.

The oil started leaking on 29 May.

So far about 21,000 tonnes have contaminated the Ambarnaya river and
surrounding subsoil.

Investigators believe the storage tank near Norilsk sank because of
melting permafrost, which weakened its supports. The Arctic has had
weeks of unusually warm weather, probably a symptom of global warming.

The power plant where it happened is run by a subsidiary of Norilsk
Nickel, the world's leading nickel and palladium producer.

Lake Pyasino serves as the basin for the Pyasina river, which flows to
the Kara Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean. From October to June that river
is usually ice-bound.

"The fuel has got into Lake Pyasino," said Alexander Uss, governor of
Krasnoyarsk region.

"This is a beautiful lake about 70km [45 miles] long. Naturally, it has
both fish and a good biosphere," Interfax news agency quoted him as saying.

"Now it's important to prevent it from getting into the Pyasina river,
which flows north. That should be possible."

Clean-up teams have removed about 23,000 cubic metres (812,000 cubic
feet) of contaminated soil, Ria Novosti news reports.

The pollution "will have a negative effect on the water resources, on
the animals that drink that water, on the plants growing on the banks",
said Vasily Yablokov of Greenpeace Russia.

Greenpeace has compared it to the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster in Alaska.

Russian prosecutors have ordered checks at "particularly dangerous
installations" built on permafrost.

Delays over reporting the collapse angered President Vladimir Putin and
the power plant's director, Vyacheslav Starostin, has been taken into
custody.

The Russian Investigative Committee has launched a criminal case over
pollution and alleged negligence.

What is permafrost?

The term is used for ground that is frozen continuously for two or more
years.

Some 55% of Russia's territory, predominantly Siberia, is permafrost and
home to its main oil and gas fields.

A 2017 report to the Arctic Council, an international forum which
includes Russia, warned that because of global warming and melting ice,
foundations in permafrost regions could no longer support the loads they
did as recently as the 1980s.

A recent report by Bloomberg news agency points out that Russia's newer
oil infrastructure takes account of the changing climate: storage tanks
on the Yamal Peninsula, for instance, are mounted on piles.

In a statement, Norilsk Nickel said the incident had been reported in a
"timely and proper" way. The company has pledged to pay for the
clean-up, estimated so far at $146m.

Norilsk is already a well-known pollution hotspot, because of
contamination from the industry that dominates the city.

In 2016, Norilsk Nickel admitted that an accident at one of its plants
was responsible for turning a nearby river red.

Yulia Gumenyuk, deputy environment minister for Krasnoyarsk region, said
booms had so far failed to stop the oil spreading downriver.

"We can see a large concentration of diluted oil products beyond the
booms," she said.